Penile Cancer
Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the penis, most commonly in the skin or lining. About 95% of cases are squamous cell carcinoma, which begins in the thin, flat cells on the surface of the penis known as squamous cells.
However, not all growths on the penis are cancerous, as some may be benign.
Common symptoms
Symptoms can vary but often include:
- A lump, sore, or growth on the penis
- Changes in skin color or thickness
- Persistent redness or irritation
- Foul-smelling discharge under the foreskin
- Bleeding from the penis
- Swelling at the tip of the penis or foreskin
- Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin
Any persistent changes should be evaluated by a urologist.
How it is diagnosed
Diagnosis usually involves:
- Physical examination
- Biopsy of suspicious tissue
- Imaging tests such as CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, PET scan or chest X-ray
- Evaluation of nearby lymph nodes
Early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes.
Causes and risk factors
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Infection with Human Papillomavirus—especially high-risk strains—is one of the most significant risk factors.
Poor hygiene
Not washing your penis frequently or thoroughly enough may increase your risk of smegma. The resulting irritation and inflammation may increase your cancer risk.
Smoking
Smoking weakens the immune system and increases the risk of many cancers, including penile cancer.
Chronic inflammation
Long-term irritation or inflammatory skin conditions of the penis can increase risk.
Being 55 or older
About 80% of penile cancer diagnoses in the U.S. occur within this age range.
Lack of circumcision
Men who were not circumcised and develop chronic foreskin problems may have a slightly higher risk.
Prognosis and outlook
When detected early, penile cancer has a very high cure rate. Prompt evaluation is critical.
To learn more, contact a provider or one of our locations — or schedule an appointment.