Genitourinary Syndrome Menopause (GSM)
Menopause is a transitional period characterized by hormonal changes which can lead to a host of symptoms, such as changes in weight, fluctuations in mood, and more.
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), previously referred to as vulvovaginal atrophy or atrophic vaginitis, is a chronic condition that affects the vagina, vulva, pelvic floor tissues and urinary tract.
What is GSM?
After menopause, or in cases of imbalanced hormones, the production of estrogen from the ovaries is extremely low and can cause the symptoms of GSM. The tissues of the body are affected and can include a reduction in skin thickness, elasticity, muscle function and even blood flow.
GSM affects between 50% and 84% of postmenopausal women. Symptoms typically appear 1 to 2 years after menopause begins and tend to worsen over time without treatment.
Common signs and symptoms
Sexual: Pain during intercourse, reduced lubrication, decreased arousal, and light bleeding or spotting after sex.
Urinary: Increased urgency or frequency of urination, painful urination, leaking urine (incontinence), and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
GSM Treatment Options
Vaginal estrogen therapy
A decline in estrogen levels after menopause leads to changes in the skin of the vagina, urethra and vulva. Estrogen plays an important role in keeping the vaginal and vulvar tissue moist and healthy. With the normal decline in estrogen after menopause, the tissues and skin in the vaginal area may thin and become dry. Younger women undergoing breast cancer treatment with anti-estrogen medications may also experience these changes.
Following a pelvic examination, treatment may be recommended. Some simple changes can help reduce vaginal and vulvar irritation. Use chemical-free detergents. If you wear pads due to urinary leakage, stay away from menstrual pads – use pads designed to hold urine or consider trying 100% cotton pads. Some women find using a vaginal moisturizer or lubricant helpful. Coconut oil is often the best vaginal lubricant and is widely available. Avoid petroleum-based lubricants.
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To learn more, contact a provider or one of our locations — or schedule an appointment.